A first-principles investigation on mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides under pressure

The titanium carbides are potential candidates to achieve both high hardness and refractory property. We carried out a structural search for titanium carbides at three pressures of 0 GPa, 30 GPa and 50 GPa. A phase diagram of the Ti-C system at 0 K was obtained by elucidating formation enthalpies as a function of compositions, and their mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides were investigated systematically. We also discussed the relation of titanium concentration to the both mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides. It has been found that the average valence electron density and tractility improved at higher concentrations of titanium, while the degree of covalent bonding directionality decreased. To this effect, the hardness of titanium carbide decreases as the content of titanium increases. Our results indicated that the titanium content significantly affected the metallic properties of the Ti-C system.     

FCM燃料堆内行为模拟及结构设计研究

本文采用二维特征模型模拟不同无燃料区厚度全陶瓷微封装弥散（FCM）燃料的热力学行为，在保证堆芯装载要求的条件下，研究不同结构FCM燃料SiC基体和包覆燃料颗粒SiC层的应力状态。通过优化无燃料区厚度，调整TRISO颗粒间的间距，保证无燃料区和SiC层同时具有较低的应力水平。分析了无燃料区厚度为100 ~ 500 μm时基体SiC、无燃料区以及SiC层的应力分布，结果表明，基体SiC和SiC层最大应力随无燃料区厚度增大而增大，而无燃料区的最大应力则随其厚度增大而降低。当无燃料区厚度为400 μm时，无燃料区和SiC层均处于较低的应力状态，无燃料区SiC基体应力约为400 MPa，而SiC层的最大环向应力约为200 MPa，其失效概率约为2.5×10-4。因此，当无燃料区厚度为400 μm时，FCM燃料既能维持芯块结构完整，又能保证SiC层具有较低的失效概率。结构优化为FCM燃料的应用提供了基础。      

浅谈机电设备维修保养与修旧利废

随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的不断提高,对煤矿机电设备安全和生产效率的要求也越来越高,机电设备折旧与维修关系到企业的经济效益和正常的生产流程。就设备折旧维修工作中存在的问题展开论述,对煤矿机电设备正确、科学地保养、维修、废物利用进行了研究,以期为日后相关工作的顺利进行提供参考和借鉴。     

抽水蓄能电站施工现场安全文明施工三维策划应用研究

基于电网安全对稳定经济运行的重要作用,国家大力推进抽水蓄能电站的建设,"十三五"期间,将进入抽水蓄能电站建设高峰期,抽水蓄能电站施工现场点多面广,基建安全形势严峻,施工现场的安全是工程管理的核心因素[1].为了提升现场安全文明施工管理水平,其核心在于施工现场安全文明施工策划,策划的水平和可操作性决定了建筑施工过程中的安全管理的成效,而行之有效的策划应用模式成为关键.本文结合山东文登抽水蓄能电站安全文明施工三维策划管理及三维策划系统应用,解决了现有安全文明施工策划、现场安全布置、安全设施标准化等环节的局限性及不足,实现了策划的高效快捷、效果直观真切,探索出了安全文明施工策划应用的新途径.     

Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on characteristic and antioxidant properties of soybean protein isolate-maltodextrin conjugates

This study aimed to investigate the effect of limited hydrolysis on conformational and antioxidant properties of soy protein isolate-maltodextrin (SPI-Md) conjugates. Extrinsic fluorescence analysis showed unfolding of the protein molecule and exposure of hydrophobic groups in SPI-Md conjugate hydrolysates. Free amino acid analysis showed that, the contents of hydrophobic amino acids in SPI-Md conjugates increased after hydrolysis. The contents of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine increased from 0.32, 0.30 and 0.54 to 1.36, 1.86 and 2.60, respectively, when the hydrolysis degree (DH) gradually increased from 0% to 5.7%. The FT-IR spectrum showed that C = O absorption of the amide group formed by glycosylation continued unabated after limited hydrolysis (DH 2.9%). The glycated SPI products showed good reducing power and superior resistance to lipid oxidation (34%, 12 mg mL^?1), whereas the limit hydrolysates (DH 2.9%) of SPI-Md conjugates showed more ef?cient radical-scavenging capacity (89.5%, at 12 mg mL^?1) and iron-chelation activity (91.3%, at 12 mg mL^?1). Results of this study indicated that, slight enzymatic hydrolysis (DH 0–2.9%) could help partially unfolding the globular structure of SPI-Md conjugates without deteriorating amide bonds and had a positive effect on their antioxidant properties.     

Optimal carbon reduction level and ordering quantity under financial constraints

Carbon tax policy is widely adopted by many countries to curb carbon emissions. In the context of carbon tax policy, firms have more incentive to improve carbon reduction levels by reducing their carbon tax costs. However, firms need to bear carbon reduction costs that may cause shortage of capital. Thus, firms may face problems of financial constraints, which may demotivate firms to produce greener products. To address the decision‐making challenges of firms in the contexts of carbon tax policy and financial constraints, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer who produces green products and a retailer who sells these products. Our study develops five models to investigate the two firms’ optimal wholesale price, carbon reduction level and ordering quantity, according to the manufacturer and retailer with or without financial constraints. Our goal in this study is to explore how carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates affect the profits of the two firms, supply chain and consumer surplus. Certain managerial insights are obtained as follows. We demonstrate that carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates demotivate the manufacturer to produce greener products and demotivate the retailer to order more products. If the interest rate to the manufacturer (retailer) is relatively low, then the manufacturer with financial constraint benefits (harms) the consumers compared with the retailer with financial constraint. Importantly, our analysis suggests that carbon tax policy harms the firms but benefits consumers, and the government in some conditions should reduce unit carbon tax.     

Ni-P/HZSM-5催化木质素降解制备酚类化学品

采用Ni-P复合改性HZSM-5催化剂催化木质素降解制备高附加值的单酚类化学品，探讨了催化剂种类、金属负载量、反应温度、反应时间以及溶剂种类对木质素催化降解制备酚类化合物的影响。同时采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪（BET）、化学吸附仪（NH₃-TPD）、热重分析仪（TG）以及气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC/MS）对催化剂以及液相产物进行分析表征，同时探讨其催化失活以及再生机制。结果表明：Ni、P高度分散在HZSM-5催化剂的表面，Ni的添加有效地弱化了C－C键，致使β-O-4和α-O-4发生断裂，有效地提高了木质素加氢解聚的活性，减少了焦炭的生成，但催化剂的再生水热稳定性较差，重复使用性较低。当采用甲醇为供氢试剂，在反应温度为220℃，氢气压力为2MPa，反应时间为8h，催化剂负载量为10%，NaOH为共催化剂时，其木质素的转化率为98.6%，酚类化合物的含量达到74.97%。产物以苯酚、愈创木酚和紫丁香酚为主，低温促进了紫丁香酚的产生。     

Safe preparation of beefy meaty peptide with Bacillus subtilis

Preparation of flavour peptides with microorganisms is an attractive choice for its large-scale production. However, beefy meaty peptide (BMP), as a research hotspot in the field of umami peptide, has been studied in few microorganisms, and furthermore, the safe preparation of BMP has not yet been reported. In this study, multi-copy BMP (8BMP) was successfully expressed and produced in the ‘generally recognized as safe’ Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Firstly, 8BMP with the potentially intense umami was screened out based on molecular docking analysis. Then, it was successfully expressed in the B. subtilis 168 and verified through sensory evaluation. Finally, the scaling capacity of 8BMP was evaluated in a 5-L fermenter, with the highest yield (0.84 g L⁻¹) 6.4 times than that of shake flask, which is conductive for industrial production of BMP and other food peptides.     

喷淋液滴在空气环境下的运动特性

本文以喷淋液滴在空气环境下运动特性为工程背景，建立单个液滴在常温、常压空气环境中的动量方程，分析液滴沉降特性、追赶特性及运动轨迹行为。计算结果表明，不同喷淋液滴初始条件下，短时间内存在重力大于曳力和重力小于曳力两种情况，但最终减速液滴均会达到受力平衡状态；液滴离开喷淋头后，垂向位移均迅速增大，液滴粒径越大、初始速度越大，垂向位移增长的速率也越大，达到相同位移的用时越短；液滴尺寸、初始速度相差越大，液滴追赶所用的时间越短，追赶位移越小，液滴尺寸、初始速度越接近，液滴追赶所用的时间越长，追赶位移越大；液滴初始速度越大、初始直径越大、喷射角度越大，横向速度消失越慢，达到的横向位移越大，喷射液滴覆盖的面积也越大。计算结果有助于优化工程实际中喷淋系统的设计与布置。     

融合前沿研究的液体电介质击穿教学研究

针对《高电压与绝缘技术》课程中液体电介质的教学难点，提出了融合前沿研究的液体电介质击穿教学方法。基于前沿的液体放电应用背景与先进的液体放电研究平台，形象地展示液体电介质的动态击穿过程，在教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等方面进行科教融合改进，实施“以学生为中心”理念的课程教学设计。该教学方式取得了较好的教学效果，能够为其它知识点的教学质量提升提供参考。